Andorra is a small, mountainous country nestled in the Pyrenees between France and Spain. Its origins date back to the early Middle Ages, with legend attributing its founding to Charlemagne after the Moors were driven out of the region. Historically, Andorra was ruled jointly by the French Count of Foix and the Spanish Bishop of Urgell, a unique arrangement known as a diarchy, established by the Paréage of 1278, which still influences its political structure today. For centuries, Andorra remained isolated and predominately agricultural, maintaining its independence despite being sandwiched between two powerful neighbors. In the 20th century, it began opening up through tourism and economic modernization, now known for its ski resorts, duty-free shopping, and scenic landscapes.