Gabon, located on the west coast of Central Africa, is known for its rich biodiversity, vast rainforests, and relatively small population. The territory now called Gabon was originally inhabited by various ethnic groups, notably the Fang, Myene, and Punu peoples, who developed complex societies and trade networks long before European contact. In the 15th century, Portuguese explorers became the first Europeans to reach Gabon. The region later became a center for the transatlantic slave trade until French colonization in the 19th century. Gabon became part of French Equatorial Africa, gaining independence peacefully in 1960. Since independence, Gabon has enjoyed greater political stability compared to many of its neighbors, with significant revenues derived from its vast oil reserves fueling development. However, the country has grappled with challenges such as corruption and inequality. Libreville, the capital city, stands as a symbol of both Gabon's colonial heritage and its ambitions for modernization and economic growth.