Lithuania, located in the Baltic region of Northern Europe, boasts a rich and tumultuous history that dates back over a millennium. First mentioned in written records in 1009, Lithuania emerged as a powerful state during the 13th and 14th centuries, culminating in the creation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania—the largest country in Europe at its height. In 1569, Lithuania entered a dynastic union with Poland, forming the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, a major political and cultural force until its partitions by Russia, Prussia, and Austria at the end of the 18th century. After declaring independence in 1918, Lithuania enjoyed two decades of sovereignty before enduring Soviet and Nazi occupations during World War II, and subsequent annexation by the Soviet Union. The spirit of national resilience remained strong, and following years of resistance and the “Singing Revolution,” Lithuania restored its independence in 1990, becoming the first Soviet republic to do so. Today, Lithuania is a proud member of the European Union and NATO, recognized for its vibrant culture, historical heritage, and rapid modernization.