Norway, a Scandinavian country renowned for its stunning fjords and mountainous terrain, boasts a rich and unique history shaped by Vikings, seafaring, and resilience. The earliest inhabitants arrived after the last Ice Age, but it was during the Viking Age, from the late 8th to the mid-11th century, that Norway gained prominence as Norse explorers, traders, and warriors ventured across Europe and beyond. Following centuries of independent rule, Norway entered a series of unions, first with Denmark in 1380, and later with Sweden in 1814, after a brief period of declared independence. Full sovereignty was finally achieved in 1905, when Norway peacefully separated from Sweden. Throughout the 20th century, despite the occupation by Nazi Germany during World War II, Norway emerged as a prosperous, democratic nation, known for its high standard of living, environmental stewardship, and commitment to peace and diplomacy on the global stage.