Portugal, located on the western edge of the Iberian Peninsula, has a rich and influential history that dates back to prehistoric times. As an independent nation, it was founded in 1143, making it one of the oldest countries in Europe. In the Age of Discovery during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal emerged as a global maritime power, establishing a vast empire that spanned from Brazil in South America to regions in Africa and Asia, such as Angola, Mozambique, Goa, and Macau. This era left an enduring legacy on global trade, navigation, and cultural exchange. Throughout the centuries, Portugal experienced periods of prosperity and decline, including the devastating 1755 Lisbon earthquake and the loss of its colonial possessions. In 1974, the Carnation Revolution peacefully overthrew its longstanding dictatorship, ushering in democracy. Today, Portugal is renowned for its vibrant culture, distinctive architecture, and rich traditions, making it a significant player in European and world history.